vim

学习地址：vimtutor

vimtutor 是一个由 vim 官方提供的教程，在 bash 界面直接运行 vimtutor 即可查看。

Lesson 1

1. 移动光标：

   1 2 3 4 5

   ^ k < h l > j v

   HINT：

   1. h 的键位于左边，每次按下就会向左移动。
   2. l 的键位于右边，每次按下就会向右移动。
   3. j 键看起来很象一支尖端方向朝下的箭头。

2. vim 的退出：

   1. 输入 :q!<Enter> 会退出编辑器并且丢弃进入编辑器之后的所有改动。
   2. 按下 :wq<Enter>保存并退出 vim

3. 删除光标所在位置的字符：可以按下 x 键来删除光标所在位置的字符。

4. 插入文本：可以按下 i 键来插入字符。

5. 添加文本：可以按下 A 键来添加文本（光标会定位到行末）

Lesson 2

1. 删除类命令：

   1. 删除单词：按下 dw 可以从光标处删除到一个单词的末尾
   2. 删除到行末：输入 d$ 从当前光标删除到行末。

2. 命令和对象：许多改变文本的命令都由一个操作符和一个动作构成。

   比如：

   • 以上的删除操作符 d 的命令格式如下：d motion。

   其中：

   • d ：删除操作符。
   • motion：删除符的操作对象

   motion 的简短动作列表：

   • w - 从当前光标当前位置直到下一个单词起始处，不包括它的第一个字符。
   • e - 从当前光标当前位置直到单词末尾，包括最后一个字符。（与 w 区别为不会删除空格）
   • $ - 从当前光标当前位置直到当前行末。

3. 使用计数指定动作：在动作前输入数字 n，会使该动作重复 n 次。

   示例：

   • 输入 2w 使光标向前移动两个单词。
   • 输入 3e 使光标向前移动到第三个单词的末尾。
   • 输入 0 使得光标移动到行首。

4. 使用操作符时，在对象前输入数字 n 可以重复 n 次。

   格式：operator [number] motion

   比如：d2w 可以删除光标所在位置的下两个单词删除。

5. 删除整行：连续输入两次 d ，即 dd 可以删除光标所在位置的整行。

6. 撤销类命令：

   1. 撤销最后执行的命令：输入 u 来撤销最后执行的命令。
   2. 撤销对整行的修改：输入 U 来撤销对整行的修改。
   3. 重做撤销的命令： CTRL+R

Lesson 3

1. Put command: Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor.

2. Replace command: Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x.

3. The change operator: To change until the end of a word, type ce.

   This operator format: c [motion] number , where the motions are the same.

Lesson 4

1. Cursor location and file status:

   1. Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status.

      NOTICE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen. This happens when the ‘ruler’ option is set (see :help ‘ruler’ )

   2. Type G to move to a bottom of the file.

   3. Type gg to move you to the start of the file.

   4. Type the number of a line, and then G. This will goto a specific line.

2. The search command:

   1. Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase.
   2. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use ? instead of / .
   3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n.
   4. findTo search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type N.
   5. To go back to where you came from press CTRL-O, CTRL-I goes forward.

3. Matching parentheses search: Type % to find a matching ), ], or }.

4. The substitute command:

   1. Type :s/old/new to substitute ’new’ for the first ‘old’ in a line
   2. Type :s/old/new/g to substitute new for all ‘old’s on a line type
   3. Type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range of lines where the substitution is to be done.
   4. Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file.
   5. Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file, with a prompt whether to substitute or not.

Lesson 5

1. Execute an external command: Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command.

   • NOTICE: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER>.

2. More on writing files: To save the changes made to the text, type :w FILENAME .

3. Selecting text to write: To save part of the file, type v motion :w FILENAME

4. Retrieving and merging files: To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME

   • PostScript: You can also read the output of an external command.

     For example, :r !ls reads the output of the ls command and puts it below the cursor.

Lesson 6

1. The open command:

   1. Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode.
   2. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O

2. The append command: Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor.

   • NOTICE: a, i and A all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where the characters are inserted.

3. Another way to replace: Type a capital R to replace more than one character.

4. Copy and paste text:

   1. Use y operator to copy text.
   2. Use p operator to paste it.
   3. PS: Move the cursor to the end of next line j$

5. Set option: Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case

   1. set the ic (ignore case) option by entering: :set ic

   2. set the ‘hlsearch’ (highlight search) and ‘incsearch’ (show partial matches) options: :set hls is

   3. to disable ignoring case by enter: :set noic

   4. to remove the highlighting of matches enter: :nohlsearch

   5. If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use \c in the phrase: /ignore\c <ENTER>

Lesson 7

1. Getting help: type one of these three command:

   • press the <HELP> key (if you have one)
   • press the <F1> key (if you have one)
   • type :help <ENTER>

   You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the :help command

   • :help w
   • :help c_CTRL-D
   • :help insert-index
   • :help user-manual

2. Create a startup script: editing the following file in Unix :e ~/.vimrc

   • for more information, type :help vimrc-intro

3. Completion: command line completion with CTRL-D and <TAB>

   • NOTICE: make sure vim is not in compatible mode: :set nocp