Django admin site

官方文档：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/contrib/admin/

Overview

If you’re not using the default project template, here are the requirements:

1. Add 'django.contrib.admin' and its dependencies -django.contrib.auth, django.contrib.contenttypes,django.contrib.messages, and django.contrib.sessions - to yourINSTALLED_APPS setting.
2. Configure a DjangoTemplates backend in your TEMPLATES setting withdjango.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth anddjango.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages in the 'context_processors' option of OPTIONS.
3. If you’ve customized the MIDDLEWARE setting,django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddlewareand django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddlewaremust be included.
4. Hook the admin’s URLs into your URLconf.

If you need to create a user to login with, use the createsuperuser command. By default, logging in to the admin requires that the user has the is_superuser or is_staff attribute set to True.

所以，除超级用户外，设置一下属性即可允许一个普通用户登录 admin 后台管理界面：

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normal_user.is_staff = True

Finally, determine which of your application’s models should be editable in the admin interface. For each of those models, register them with the admin as described in ModelAdmin.（即需要通过 ModelAdmin 注册可以在 admin-site 中修改的表单）

Other topics：

• Admin actions
• The Django admin documentation generator
• JavaScript customizations in the admin

ModelAdmin

Usage

The ModelAdmin class is the representation of a model in the admin interface. Usually, these are stored in a file named admin.py in your application. Let’s take a look at a very simple example of the ModelAdmin:

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from django.contrib import admin
from myproject.myapp.models import Author

class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    pass
admin.site.register(Author, AuthorAdmin)

当然你也可以不显示地声明一个 ModelAdmin，这时，Django 将会使用默认的借口做为函数的参数：

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from django.contrib import admin
from myproject.myapp.models import Author

admin.site.register(Author)

register decorator

There is also a decorator for registering your ModelAdmin classes:

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from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Author

@admin.register(Author)
class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    pass

It’s given one or more model classes to register with the ModelAdmin. If you’re using a custom AdminSite, pass it using the site keyword argument:

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from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Author, Editor, Reader
from myproject.admin_site import custom_admin_site

@admin.register(Author, Reader, Editor, site=custom_admin_site)
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    pass

Discovery of admin files

没看懂，算了。

ModelAdmin options

The ModelAdmin is very flexible. It has several options for dealing with customizing the interface. All options are defined on the ModelAdmin subclass:

1. ModelAdmin.actions：可以在 admin-site 页面的下拉列表中，定义自己的 actions 函数。详见：AdminAction
2. ModelAdmin.actions_on_top、ModelAdmin.actions_on_bottom：控制下拉列表在 admin-site 页面中存在的位置。
3. ModelAdmin.actions_selection_counter：控制是否在动作下拉栏里面显示选择计数器。

（还有很多）

ModelAdmin methods

…

Adding custom validation to admin

InlineModelAdmin

Usage

Important class:

• class InlineModelAdmin

• class TabularInline

• class StackedInline

The admin interface has the ability to edit models on the same page as a parent model. These are called inlines.

Suppose you have these two models:

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from django.db import models

class Author(models.Model):
   name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

class Book(models.Model):
   author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
   title = models.CharField(max_length=100)

You can edit the books authored by an author on the author page. You add inlines to a model by specifying them in a ModelAdmin.inlines:

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from django.contrib import admin

class BookInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Book

class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [
        BookInline,
    ]

Django provides two subclasses of InlineModelAdmin and they are:

• TabularInline
• StackedInline

The difference between these two is merely the template used to render them.

InlineModelAdmin options

InlineModelAdmin shares many of the same features as ModelAdmin, and adds some of its own (the shared features are actually defined in theBaseModelAdmin superclass).